Reported Speech

3 points to note:

1) change the tenses

present tense to past tense
past tense to past perfect tense

E.g. "She is at the library now," Tim said.
Tim said she was at the library then.
E.g. "I went to the zoo yesterday," Sam announced.
Sam announced that he had gone to the zoo the day before.

2) change the pronouns

E.g. "I have eaten," Tina said.
Tina said she had eaten.

3) change the time/ place etc

now to then
today to that day etc

E.g. "I will be studying in America next year," she said.
She said she would be studying in America the following year.

TPTP
Tenses
Pronouns
Time
Place

If you are reporting a question, you need to take note of 2 additional points:

1) Switch the positions of the subject and verb
In a statement, the subject appears before the verb.
In a question, the verb appears before the subject.

E.g. "How old are you?" she asked me.
She asked me how old I was.

2) Add "if" if there is no question word.
Question words: Who, what, why, where, what, how

E.g. "Are you going to the library tomorrow?" Mandeal asked Nathan.
Mandeal asked Nathan if he was going to the library the next day.

Having mentioned the 5 golden rules for reported speech, please remember not to change the tenses for other questions on synthesis.